Precautions should be taken when handling batteries.
The battery is safe, but care must be taken when handling damaged batteries and handling lead-acid systems that can be exposed to lead and sulfuric acid. Several countries have labeled lead acid as a hazardous substance, which is correct. Lead can be hazardous to health if not handled properly.
lead
Lead is a toxic metal that can enter the body by inhaling lead dust or ingesting when it is exposed to lead by hand. If leaked to the surface, acid and lead particles can contaminate the soil and become airborne when dry. Pregnant women and fetuses are most exposed to lead because their bodies are developing. Excessive levels of lead can affect your child's growth, leading to brain damage, kidney damage, hearing loss and behavioral problems. In adults, lead can cause memory loss and reduce concentration, and damage the reproductive system. Lead can also cause high blood pressure, neurological diseases, and muscle and joint pain. The researchers speculated that Ludwig van Beethoven fell ill and died of lead poisoning.
By 2017, members of the International Lead Association (ILA) hope to keep lead blood levels below 30 micrograms (30 μg / dl) per minute for mining, smelting, refining and recycling. In 2014, the average number of employees participating in the activity was 15.6 μg / dl, but 4.8% higher than 30 μg / dl. In 2019, the University of Southern California published a method for detecting lead in children's teeth near the Exide Technologies battery recycling facility in Vernon, California.
Lead naturally exists in the soil at a level of 15–40 mg / kg. This level can increase production near lead cell manufacturing and recycling plants by several times. Soil levels recorded in developing countries, including the African continent, have lead levels of 40-140,000 mg / kg.
sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid in lead-acid batteries is highly corrosive and more hazardous than the acids used in most other battery systems. Contact with the eyes can cause permanent blindness; swallowing can damage internal organs and may even result in death. Emergency treatment requires flushing the skin with plenty of water for 10-15 minutes to cool the affected tissue and prevent secondary damage. Immediately remove contaminated clothing and thoroughly clean the underlying skin. Always wear protective gear when handling sulfuric acid.
cadmium
If you use cadmium used in nickel-cadmium batteries, the damage is greater than lead. Workers at the NiCd manufacturing plant in Japan have been experiencing health problems due to long-term exposure to metals. The government has banned the disposal of nickel-cadmium batteries in landfills. Soft, whitish metals naturally present in the soil can damage the kidneys. Touch the spilled battery and cadmium can be absorbed through the skin. Since most NiCd batteries are sealed, handling a complete battery is not a health hazard; be careful when using an open battery.
Nickel hydride metal is considered to be non-toxic, and the only thing that needs attention is electrolytes. Although nickel is toxic to plants, it is harmless to the human body.
Lithium ions are also benign - there are almost no toxic substances in the battery. However, care must be taken when using a damaged battery. Do not touch your mouth, nose or eyes when handling spilled batteries. Wash your hands thoroughly.
Keep small batteries out of reach of children. Children under the age of four are the easiest to swallow, and the most common type of ingestion is the button battery. In the United States alone, more than 2,800 children receive swallowed button cells every year in the emergency room. According to a 2015 report, the number of serious injuries and deaths from swallowing batteries has increased nine-fold over the past decade.
The battery is often stuck in the esophagus (through the tube of food). The current produced by water or saliva triggers a chemical reaction that produces a hydroxide, a corrosive ion that can severely burn surrounding tissue. Doctors often misdiagnose symptoms, which are characterized by fever, vomiting, loss of appetite and fatigue. Batteries that pass through the esophagus usually pass through the digestive tract with little or no permanent damage. The advice for parents is to choose a safe toy and keep the small battery away from the child.
safety warning
Keep the button battery out of the reach of children. Remote controls, singing cards, watches, hearing aids, thermometers, toys and electronic keys may contain these batteries.
Similar to drugs, lock loose batteries to prevent child contact.
Communicate with your child and caregivers, friends, family and babysitters to swallow the button battery.
If you suspect that your child has taken the battery, go to the hospital immediately. Wait for medical evaluation before allowing your child to eat and drink.
ventilation
It should be safe to charge the battery in the residential area, which also applies to lead acid. When cooking, ventilate the area regularly like a kitchen. Lead acid produces some hydrogen, but it is rarely charged properly. Hydrogen exploded at a concentration of 4%. This can only be achieved when charging a large lead-acid battery in a sealed chamber.
Excessive charging of lead-acid batteries produces hydrogen sulfide. The gas is colorless, highly toxic, flammable, and smelly of eggs. Hydrogen sulfide also naturally occurs during the decomposition of organic matter in marshes and sewers. It is found in volcanic gases, natural gas and some well waters. Gas is heavier than air and can accumulate in the bottom of a poorly ventilated space. Although it is obvious at first, the sense of smell weakens over time, and potential victims may not know its existence.
As a simple guideline, if there is a noticeable smell, hydrogen sulfide will cause harm to human life. Turn off the charger, ventilate the device and leave it outdoors until the odor disappears. Other gases that may be generated during the charging and operation of lead-acid batteries are hydrogen arsenide (arsenic hydride, AsH 3 ) and (hydrogen hydride, SbH 3 ). Although the content of these metal hydrides is much lower than the occupational exposure limit, it is reminded to provide adequate ventilation.
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