There is currently a fairly limited number of battery technologies on our current devices. The first smartphones had accumulators nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), this time is over. These batteries are not expensive to produce but they suffer from a major defect, the memory effect.
The memory effect is the loss of capacity due to too many incomplete discharges. Part of the chemical elements crystallize and therefore no longer react to the charge or discharge. To overcome this problem, Li-ion batteries have been developed.
A battery is actually a "battery" of accumulators - hence the name - responsible for the charge itself. They are interconnected to obtain a battery of a given capacity and voltage. Of course, the batteries that are in the batteries of our mobiles are rechargeable. There are currently two main types of batteries used by smartphone manufacturers:
Lithium-ion
Light, compact and relatively easy to manufacture, Li-ion batteries have a defect, they heat, which is problematic because they are made of flammable materials.
The charging of a Li-ion battery is faster, but follows a very specific curve: one goes up quickly to 80% and one ends up slowing down.
Lithium-ion Polymer
Also called Li-Polymer, this type of battery is an evolution of Li-ion. They are very suitable for mobile technologies, because of their lightness, as well as the possibility of giving them almost any shape and thickness.
Their default: the price a little more expensive in general. In addition, they are unusable when their charge is too low (about 3 volts).
These two technologies do not present a major difference in terms of capacities, loading times and service life. The principle of a Li-ion battery is as follows: the lithium ions are exchanged between a positive electrode made of cobalt dioxide and a negative graphite. Between the two, a separator generally made of plastic avoids the contact between the two electrodes while allowing the lithium ions to pass.
During charging, the lithium ions move from the positive electrode (cobalt dioxide) to the negative electrode (graphite). When unloading, the opposite occurs.
Lifetime & battery wear
As you probably know, batteries are prone to wear. According to Battery University tests, after 250 cycles of complete unloading, the batteries of smartphones are only 73-84% of their capacity. In the manner of a tool or a mechanical part, the chemical components wear out, it is better to avoid the complete unloading as much as possible. So prefer more frequent reloads. As we have seen, since the Li-ion technology does not suffer from the memory effect, incomplete unloading-reloading cycles are quite possible. In concrete terms, you can recharge the battery of your phone at any time, without worrying about the remaining battery life.
The legend that says it is better to fully discharge a smartphone battery to increase its life is false. However, this process can help the gauge of a Li-ion battery recalibrate. It is even advisable to keep 40% charge when you do not use your smartphone for a while.
Lithium batteries age, even when they are not used. The date of manufacture is crucial, when you buy a particular smartphone, if the battery is one or two years, you can expect a change in the near future. It must be nuanced anyway, there is no rule, and some batteries will remain effective, depending on use, for several years. Note that heat accelerates the wear of the battery, hence the importance of this detail, especially during testing.
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The memory effect is the loss of capacity due to too many incomplete discharges. Part of the chemical elements crystallize and therefore no longer react to the charge or discharge. To overcome this problem, Li-ion batteries have been developed.
A battery is actually a "battery" of accumulators - hence the name - responsible for the charge itself. They are interconnected to obtain a battery of a given capacity and voltage. Of course, the batteries that are in the batteries of our mobiles are rechargeable. There are currently two main types of batteries used by smartphone manufacturers:
Lithium-ion
Light, compact and relatively easy to manufacture, Li-ion batteries have a defect, they heat, which is problematic because they are made of flammable materials.
The charging of a Li-ion battery is faster, but follows a very specific curve: one goes up quickly to 80% and one ends up slowing down.
Lithium-ion Polymer
Also called Li-Polymer, this type of battery is an evolution of Li-ion. They are very suitable for mobile technologies, because of their lightness, as well as the possibility of giving them almost any shape and thickness.
Their default: the price a little more expensive in general. In addition, they are unusable when their charge is too low (about 3 volts).
These two technologies do not present a major difference in terms of capacities, loading times and service life. The principle of a Li-ion battery is as follows: the lithium ions are exchanged between a positive electrode made of cobalt dioxide and a negative graphite. Between the two, a separator generally made of plastic avoids the contact between the two electrodes while allowing the lithium ions to pass.
During charging, the lithium ions move from the positive electrode (cobalt dioxide) to the negative electrode (graphite). When unloading, the opposite occurs.
Lifetime & battery wear
As you probably know, batteries are prone to wear. According to Battery University tests, after 250 cycles of complete unloading, the batteries of smartphones are only 73-84% of their capacity. In the manner of a tool or a mechanical part, the chemical components wear out, it is better to avoid the complete unloading as much as possible. So prefer more frequent reloads. As we have seen, since the Li-ion technology does not suffer from the memory effect, incomplete unloading-reloading cycles are quite possible. In concrete terms, you can recharge the battery of your phone at any time, without worrying about the remaining battery life.
The legend that says it is better to fully discharge a smartphone battery to increase its life is false. However, this process can help the gauge of a Li-ion battery recalibrate. It is even advisable to keep 40% charge when you do not use your smartphone for a while.
Lithium batteries age, even when they are not used. The date of manufacture is crucial, when you buy a particular smartphone, if the battery is one or two years, you can expect a change in the near future. It must be nuanced anyway, there is no rule, and some batteries will remain effective, depending on use, for several years. Note that heat accelerates the wear of the battery, hence the importance of this detail, especially during testing.
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